Pain Sensitivity Profiles Are Associated With Muscle Biomechanics and Clinical Pain in Persons With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.

The timely triage of cognitive impairment in field-forward settings is critical, as it aids in the evaluation of an individual’s operational readiness. Early triage is especially critical in sub-concussive trauma, as a majority of blunt force-­induced concussions are never identified, due in part to the challenge of assessing subtle and transient effects of repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure. Detection of cognitive impairment is also important in the context of fatigue and intoxication. Multiple studies have found that increases in reaction-time measures are robust and sensitive metrics of performance changes, and imaging research has demonstrated that performance on psychomotor vigilance tests, which include a measure of reaction time, relies on the activation of the sustained attention system and the motor system. This paper describes the current landscape of reaction-time tests, the unmet need in reaction-time testing, the Pison wearable device as a solution to that unmet need, and two field-based data collections that demonstrate the ability of the Pison device to quantitatively assess ­cognitive impairment. Objective measures of attention and coordination are standard evaluation tools to detect readiness. Examples of such assessments include the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) tool and subsets of the ANAM, such as the Windows Spaceflight Cognitive Assessment Tool (WinSCAT) and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics-4 Traumatic Brain Injury (ANAM4-TBI) battery, as well as the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). The ANAM is a computer-based testing system that was developed by the Department of Defense to assess both human performance and psychological function, and it was specifically designed for repeated measures. It consists of a library of over 30 neuropsychological test modules used to establish cognitive baseline and track cognitive function over time. ANAM testing is administered on a computer or tablet and consists of a variety of subtests that measure different cognitive abilities, such as simple reaction time (SRT) and complex problem-solving tasks. The ANAM is particularly favored for its versatility in different settings.