Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Implications of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Dual tasking, defined as the ability to simultaneously perform two tasks with distinct goals, is a fundamental aspect of daily activities (e.g., chatting while cooking) and plays a vital role in ensuring safe mobility (e.g., talking on the phone while walking along the street). However, with aging and degeneration, extensive evidence indicates that engaging in dual task (DT) leads to decreased performance on one or both tasks, a phenomenon known as dual task interference (DTI). Notably, performing attention-demanding tasks while walking deteriorates gait and balance performance, thereby increasing the risk of falls and this effect is more pronounced in individuals with neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In this context, a motor-cognitive DT occurs when a cognitive assignment (e.g., verbal fluency, counting backward) is added during gait. Conversely, a motor-motor interaction occurs when a secondary motor action, such as carrying a cup of water or crossing obstacles, is simultaneously performed during walking.