Feasibility, safety, and preliminary clinical efficacy of resting-state functional connectivity MRI-guided rTMS for adolescents with major depressive disorder: Protocol for a randomized, double-blind,

Congenital infections can adversely affect infant development. Among these infections, congenital cytomegalovirus (CMVc) is the most common congenital infection worldwide and the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Children who exhibit clinical signs from birth—specifically those with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)—are at greater risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss, as well as neurodevelopmental delays. It is estimated that approximately 50% of symptomatic cases develop sensorineural hearing loss, while in asymptomatic cases, the prevalence is about 7%. Although the effects of CMVc on hearing are well recognized, gaps remain in our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying hearing changes and their impact on typical linguistic, cognitive, and social development. Given that the early identification and treatment of central hearing loss are critical for the proper development of speech and language, and that early diagnosis of hearing loss is directly linked to better outcomes in these areas, it is essential to adopt sensitive protocols capable of detecting hearing impairments even in the early stages of development.