[Experiences of nursing students with virtual reality-based anatomy education in Korea: a qualitative content analysis].

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial condition resulting from damage to the ocular surface in the exposed eyelid crevices, often due to tear deficiency or excessive tear film evaporation []. Factors influencing DES include reduced tear production associated with aging, sex, and hormonal changes, autoimmune disorders, thyroid issues, medications like antihypertensive drugs, and environmental factors related to work and living conditions. Additionally, the modern lifestyle, particularly increased digital device use, has become a significant risk factor for DES. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has led to a notable decrease in outdoor activities and an increase in indoor activities [], causing a surge in the use of video viewing platforms such as YouTube, Netflix, Wave, and Tving []. A survey of individuals in their twenties revealed that 66.2% used video-viewing services daily or 5-6 days a week, with an average viewing duration of 57 minutes per session, highlighting both the frequency and length of use []. In recent years, the blend of online and offline learning has become popular, moving away from traditional instructor-centered lectures. With this shift, note-taking has transitioned from paper and pencil to digital devices like laptops, tablets, and smartphones, affecting the methods used in today's college classrooms []. Tablets and smartphones are now the most commonly used devices among college students, comprising 86% of their device use [], and this increased exposure to digital media may heighten the risk of ocular strain and DES []. Normally, an eye blinks 10 to 16 times per minute, but it drops to five times per minute when using digital devices []. Viewing text on a small screen, such as a smartphone, significantly decreases blink frequency, which is crucial for maintaining normal tear production []. Moreover, with 75.5% of college students using both eyeglasses and contact lenses, the related exports and imports have been increasing annually []. Since humans receive over 90% of information visually, research has shown a significant correlation between vision and vision-related quality of life (QoL) []. However, studies on DES and QoL among college students are scarce.