[The effect of an internet of things-based mobile health management application for older adults depending on user engagement in South Korea: a secondary analysis of a quasi-experimental study].

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes []. The prevalence of MetS is rapidly increasing worldwide due to urbanization, aging, and lifestyle changes [,]. Approximately one-third of adults in the United States [] and 24.9% of adults in Korea have MetS []. If left unchecked, the risk of severe chronic diseases increases and thus, prevention and management are urgent []. In addition to immutable factors such as age and sex [], MetS is affected by changeable factors such as lifestyle, diet, and physical activity []. In particular, adult workers are at a high risk of developing MetS due to job stress, long working hours, irregular lifestyles, and lack of physical activity [], which negatively affects not only personal health but also professional productivity and economic efficiency [-]. Workers aged 30~60 have many risk factors for overweight, obesity, and MetS, mainly long sitting hours and an increased risk due to inappropriate eating habits []. In particular, long sitting life, an occupational factor, promotes the occurrence of MetS []. Studies have shown that improving eating habits [] and engaging in regular exercise [] can reduce the risk of MetS, and recent research has actively analyzed the impact of various risk factors and lifestyle habits on the prevalence of MetS. A comprehensive review of prior research indicates that individuals with MetS-related conditions can effectively manage risk factors through improved eating habits and regular exercise, leading to positive outcomes. While studies related to MetS from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) have examined associations with dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, and drinking, most have focused on the overall population [], adults aged 19 to 65 [], or middle-aged individuals [] with an emphasis on age and sex. Research involving workers has concentrated on specific job-related factors, such as long working hours [] and shift work []. Despite the variety of previous MetS studies, additional research is needed to comprehensively and multi-dimensionally analyze MetS-related factors, incorporating the occupational characteristics and lifestyle factors of adult workers aged 19 to 64. Therefore, analyzing the risk factors for MetS in adult workers and studying the effects of health interventions in the workplace are important for improving public health and workplace productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS according to the characteristics of adult workers aged 19 to 64, and to examine whether there are differences in the characteristics of the participants based on the presence or absence of MetS. Also, data from the KNHANES was used to explore the relationships between various factors influencing MetS in adult workers. These results can be used as basic data to develop a comprehensive nursing intervention plan to prevent and manage MetS among adult workers.