Intersecting trajectories of childhood ADHD, socioeconomic deprivation and distinct multimorbidity patterns in women.

Approximately 90% of clinical nurses work shifts [], which disrupt their natural sleep-wake cycle and lead to physical and psychological health issues, such as sleep disorders [], decreased empathy satisfaction, and reduced professional quality of life (QoL) due to burnout []. Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms, reduces sleep quality, decreases total sleep duration during night shifts to an average range of 4.98 to 5.86 hours [], and causes sleep disturbances in nurses [], reducing accuracy and efficiency and increasing patient safety incidents, such as needlestick injuries and medication errors []. Previous studies have highlighted the significant effect of sleep duration on medication errors among nurses []. Poor sleep quality is associated with an increased likelihood of near misses in medication administration [], and night shift work contributes to medication administration errors []. Particularly, emergency room nurses have poorer sleep quality than nurses in other departments [], which has serious consequences for emergency patients who require immediate treatment []. Professional QoL for individuals in helping professions refers to their subjective QoL [], characterized by compassion satisfaction and fatigue; the latter is further divided into burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Nurses' compassion satisfaction contributes to enhanced nursing performance and professional competence []; compassion fatigue leads to increased nursing errors and deteriorated quality of nursing services due to emotional exhaustion and a sense of powerlessness []. Burnout among nurses increases the likelihood of medical accidents due to factors including reduced job performance. Secondary traumatic stress among emergency room nurses leads to sleep problems and anxiety []. Emergency room nurses frequently exposed to trauma and violence experience severe compassion fatigue in 86% of cases, and have lower compassion satisfaction []. Therefore, efforts are needed to enhance their professional QoL by improving compassion satisfaction and reducing compassion fatigue. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate relationship between nurses' professional QOL and patient safety activities, including medication management []. The findings indicate a positive correlation between compassion satisfaction and patient safety activities and a negative correlation between compassion fatigue and patient safety activities. Jeanmonod et al. [] further emphasized the impact of compassion fatigue on patient care quality. They indicated that increased compassion fatigue among health professionals can lead to reduced quality of care provided to patients. Sleep disorders and poor professional QoL contribute to medication errors among nurses [,]. Therefore, medication errors can be reduced by improving the sleep quality and professional QoL of emergency room nurses. Emergency rooms, which frequently use high-risk medications such as anticoagulants, insulin, and high-concentration electrolytes, face a heightened risk of medication errors []. This concern is underscored by medication-related errors comprising 43% of the reported incidents in the 2022 Patient Safety Statistics Annual Report []. Recognizing and managing near misses—incidents that could have resulted in problems but did not—are crucial for preventing major accidents and avoiding harmful medication errors []. Given the interrelation between sleep disorders, reduced professional QoL, and safety issues such as medication errors among emergency room nurses [], effective interventions are essential to address these significant concerns related to patient care duties.