Electroencephalography for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: from advanced feature engineering to interpretable ai and clinical translation.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major and escalating global public health challenge. Recent estimates indicate that over 850 million people worldwide live with kidney disease, corresponding to a global prevalence of 10–16% among adults. The World Health Organization projects CKD to become the fifth leading cause of years of life lost by 2040, driven largely by the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in low- and middle-income countries,. In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of CKD is particularly high because of limited access to early screening, delayed diagnosis, and inadequate renal replacement therapy services. In Nigeria, hospital and community-based studies have reported CKD prevalence ranging from 11% to 26%, depending on diagnostic criteria and study population,. The disease disproportionately affects adults in their economically productive years, contributing to reduced quality of life and a heavy financial burden for patients and families. Despite these statistics, national data remain sparse, and renal disease surveillance systems are poorly developed. Nigeria lacks a centralized renal registry, and public awareness of CKD risk factors, such as uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, and prolonged use of nephrotoxic agents, remains low. Military populations face distinctive occupational and environmental exposures that may predispose them to kidney dysfunction. These include chronic dehydration, recurrent heat stress, long deployments with limited medical access, high physical exertion, and occasional exposure to toxic agents such as fuels, solvents, and cleaning chemicals used aboard ships or in workshops. Studies among military personnel in other countries have identified CKD as an emerging non-communicable disease of operational importance, with implications for medical deployment standards and force readiness. The Nigerian Navy (NN), whose personnel serve in both maritime and terrestrial operations, may face similar or even higher risk, yet published data describing the pattern of renal disease, awareness, and preventive practices within this population are extremely limited.