Artificial intelligence in psychiatry: clinical applications, limitations, and ethical challenges.

Among aging populations, femoral neck fractures are a common and serious condition that imposes a substantial burden in terms of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs on a global scale [,]. In Thailand, the incidence of hip fractures has continued to increase in parallel with population aging, leading to a growing burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems [,]. Elderly patients sustaining femoral neck fractures often experience significant functional decline, loss of independence, and increased mortality even after surgical treatment [,]. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty is widely accepted as a standard surgical option for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients, providing reliable pain relief and allowing early mobilization []. However, surgical treatment alone is insufficient to ensure optimal functional recovery. Postoperative physical therapy plays a crucial role in restoring hip function, muscle strength, balance, and ambulation, thereby reducing long-term disability and fall risk [-]. Despite its importance, adherence to conventional outpatient physical therapy among elderly patients remains suboptimal. Common barriers include postoperative pain, anxiety, transportation difficulties, limited access to rehabilitation services, and inadequate supervision during home exercises [-]. Home-based rehabilitation programs have therefore been developed to reduce costs and improve accessibility while maintaining rehabilitation effectiveness [-].