Identification of obesity risk factors in 3-12-year-old children and adolescents with prior respiratory tract infections via interpretable machine and deep learning models.

Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is a rare condition (incidence 1 in 80,000–400,000 live births) and the most severe form of the exstrophy–epispadias complex, represents one of the most challenging congenital anomalies encountered in pediatric surgery and urology.[] This condition is characterized by involvement of multiple organ systems including the genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system and the musculoskeletal structures.[] The complexity of CE necessitates coordinated multidisciplinary care encompassing pediatric surgery including pediatric urology, gynecology, pediatric intensivists, orthopedics and allied specialties. Management strategies for CE have evolved dramatically over the past six decades. Initial efforts were directed toward improving survival and achieving basic anatomical reconstruction. With time, advances in neonatal intensive care, perioperative support, and surgical innovation have shifted the focus toward anatomic restoration accompanied with optimization of function, continence, fertility, and quality of life.[] Parallel to these clinical advances, recognition of the psychosocial and ethical dimensions of genital reconstruction and gender identity has increasingly shaped treatment paradigms, underscoring that CE management extends far beyond surgical technique alone. Bibliometric and altmetric analyses offer a unique opportunity to systematically map the research landscape in such rare and highly specialized conditions.[] By examining publication patterns, identifying prolific authors and institutions, analyzing collaboration networks, and tracing thematic evolution, bibliometrics provides a structured understanding of how knowledge in this field has developed. Such insights are particularly valuable given the multidisciplinary nature of CE, where relevant research is dispersed across pediatric surgery, pediatric urology, neonatology, genetics, and psychology. Moreover, bibliometric approaches allow identification of underexplored areas, research gaps, and emerging trends, which can guide future clinical and academic priorities.