Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with deficits in social perception.

In recent decades, progress in pediatric surgery and neonatal care has significantly increased survival rates for children with congenital and acquired conditions such as anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung’s disease, bladder exstrophy, and hypospadias. Consequently, more patients are surviving into their teens and adulthood, necessitating long-term monitoring of their functional, psychosocial, and reproductive health.[] The transition of care (TOC) is defined as: “Purposeful, planned, process that addresses the medical, psychological, educational, and vocational needs of adolescents and young adults with chronic medical and physical conditions as they move from child-centered to adult-oriented healthcare system”.[] In Western countries, adolescent transition care clinics are integral to surgical and medical follow-up systems. Pediatric surgery units in these settings typically manage patients until 18–21 years of age. They ensure continuity of care through structured TOC models.[] Joint clinics involving pediatric and adult specialists – such as urology, colorectal surgery, and gynecology – are routine in tertiary centers. This facilitates seamless transition between pediatric and adult services.[] These models show many benefits, including improved patient satisfaction and better adherence to surveillance protocols (e.g., testicular tumor screening and colorectal cancer monitoring in syndromic cases). Other benefits include reduced loss to follow-up and earlier detection of late complications or psychosocial challenges.[] TOC models are also linked to better educational and vocational outcomes and reduced healthcare discontinuity during critical life stages.[] However, these systems face challenges even in developed contexts. Examples include workforce limitations (shortage of adolescent medicine specialists), communication gaps between pediatric and adult teams, insurance transitions, and the need for dedicated transition coordinators.[] In India, the TOC remains disjointed. Pediatric surgeons usually provide follow-up into adolescence, but structured adolescent clinics are uncommon. There is no national policy specifying age boundaries or referral procedures. Views among pediatric surgeons vary; some support specialized TOC clinics, whereas others stress ongoing pediatric surgical follow-up without formal transfer systems. They point to poor coordination with adult specialties, insufficient infrastructure, and gaps in training.