An investigation of the sound of foam and its potential influence on the shampoo experience.

Alcohol misuse is a significant public health concern in both civilian and military populations, leading to direct and indirect negative consequences for affected individuals and their families. Approximately 12.7% of American males and 9.4% of females 18 or older met criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 2020. The AUDs increase the risk of physical health disorders (e.g., heart disease, liver disease, cancer) and are both the cause and consequence of mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder). The cost to treat AUD and its consequences burdens health care systems. Furthermore, negative consequences are found for those with hazardous drinking that does not meet criteria for AUD. Hazardous drinking, defined as 4 or more drinks for females or 5 or more drinks for males on any day, has the potential to escalate in severity, frequency, and related impairment. Military hazardous alcohol use exceeds that of the general population. For example, in 2018, the binge drinking prevalences were approximately 16.6% for civilians and 34% for service members (SMs). The reasons for this are varied. First, SMs’ high levels of alcohol use are more socially acceptable, skewing perceptions of what constitutes excessive alcohol use. Second, SMs lead more stressful lives (e.g., combat situations, demanding training exercises, time away from loved ones, high operations tempos); alcohol may be used to manage these stresses, foster social interactions, and build camaraderie. Emerging adulthood (18-25 years of age) is associated with Americans’ peak level of alcohol use and corresponds to SMs’ modal age. Given (1) the scale of alcohol use, (2) the personal and societal costs associated with alcohol misuse, and (3) the limited availability of treatment resources, prevention is the cost-effective way to mitigate harm and reduce future problematic drinking and its consequences. Most individuals with alcohol use problems do not seek care and are not screened for problematic alcohol use even when they encounter the health care system. As such, the implementation of effective and efficient prevention initiatives can help reach individuals with elevated alcohol consumption but who are not yet known to the community or identified as needing intervention.