Genomic Studies of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Latin American Populations: A Systematic Review.

The population has been aging substantially, and it is expected that by 2050, 22% of the world’s inhabitants will be older adults (Kanasi et al., ). In Brazil, projections indicate that by 2060, about one-quarter of the population (25.5%) will be elderly (Instituo Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística., ). Along with aging, there is a yearly decline of 1% to 3% in different systems, particularly from the fifth decade of life onward (He et al., ), associated with reductions in physical performance in terms of muscle strength, balance, and gait (Cooper et al., ). Physical performance is defined as the ability to integrate physiological mechanisms into coordinated movements in order to perform a physical function, that is, the ability to carry out tasks such as sitting down and standing up from a chair (Cress et al., ; Freiberger et al., ), for example. The assessment of physical performance can help identify potential risks or early stages of functional decline (Fátima Ribeiro Silva et al., ). Regular practice of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been shown to be a protective factor against poor physical performance in older adults (Rogers et al., , ). On the other hand, even physically active individuals who remain in prolonged sedentary behavior (SB)—defined as activities performed in a sitting/reclining posture with energy expenditure below resting values of ≤ 1.5 METs (Tremblay et al., ), —are still subject to adverse health effects (Katzmarzyk et al., ; Pinto et al., ; Song et al., ).