Predicting Weight Outcomes From Obesity Medications in a Paediatric Population.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects approximately 30% of persons with diabetes, with 30–40% experiencing painful DPN (pDPN), highlighting the need for effective interventions. A 2021 meta-analysis of 27 randomized trials (n=1,462) indicates that exercise interventions can improve neuropathy outcomes, although findings were limited by small study sizes and heterogeneity in interventions and DPN outcome measures. Additionally, observational studies of 18,092 and 15,104 individual within the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank associate leisure-time physical activity (PA) with a lower DPN risk among persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a study of 5,247 Danish adults with T2D found increased DPN likelihood in physical inactive individuals compared to those regularly engaging in at least 30 minutes of PA. As a result, organizations, including the American Diabetes Association and the Foundation for Peripheral Neuropathy, recommend regular PA to prevent DPN. However, these recommendations often lack specificity in PA intensity and duration. Importantly, most existing research relies on self-reported data and lacks the granularity needed to determine optimal PA levels for reducing DPN and pDPN risk. This study aims to address these limitations by using wrist-worn accelerometers to objectively measure PA in a large cohort of adults with diabetes from the UK. We assess how varying intensities of PA affect both DPN and pDPN outcomes, with analyses stratified by sex. We also aim to determine the optimal PA duration required to effectively discriminate against DPN status. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank participants. Inclusion criteria were self-reported type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and complete phenotyping of metabolic risk factors, DPN, and accelerometer.