Attenuated selective attention during visual perspective taking in autism: A combined behavior, ERP, and pupillometry study.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer, including esophageal and gastric cancers, accounted for 1.4 million new cancer cases and 1.1 million deaths globally in 2022, contributing to substantial financial burdens on individuals and healthcare systems. In China, the largest developing country with a transitioning cancer profile, UGI cancers represent approximately 40% of the global incidence and mortality, highlighting the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies. Dietary factors have been identified as crucial modifiable contributors to UGI cancer risk. It is estimated that 5.1%–5.9% of cancer cases are attributable to poor diet quality annually. It has been shown that adherence to healthy dietary patterns, characterized by high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may protect against digestive cancers. A recent large-scale prospective study involving high-risk Chinese populations further demonstrated that unbalanced diets are associated with increased UGI cancer risk. In addition to dietary factors, psychological disorders have drawn increasing attention due to the rising prevalence and association with various diseases, including cancer. A meta-analysis revealed that depression and anxiety disorders increased cancer risk by 13%. Research on the brain-gut axis further provides a biological basis for the high co-morbidity of psychological disorders and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, previous studies have demonstrated a close link between diet and mental health. Dietary imbalance and low dietary diversity elevate the risks of anxiety and depressive disorders, and low intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is associated with a higher prevalence of these psychological symptoms.