Development and validation of a machine learning-based screening tool for early detection of adolescent suicide risk.

Yearling sales endoscopy is performed at Thoroughbred auctions internationally, to predominantly detect laryngeal dysfunction. Pre‐sale endoscopic guidelines are published by veterinary bodies, while the conditions of sale for post‐sale endoscopy are published by auction houses. Australian and New Zealand protocols are closely aligned due to strong industry ties, whereas yearling endoscopic practices in other countries vary slightly., , , , , , In Australasia, yearling laryngeal function (YLF) is graded against auction house criteria during post‐sale examinations., Historically, the 5‐point (Lane) scale was used, with grades 1–3 considered acceptable. Concerns about the racing potential of yearlings graded 3/5 led to widespread pre‐sale endoscopy, despite limited evidence., , Horses with grade 3/5 YLF also achieved lower clearance rates and sales prices. Recent stakeholder engagement revealed low confidence in the Australian endoscopy process, citing unclear links between YLF grade and performance, and poor interobserver agreement due to inconsistent grading practices. Yearling endoscopic practices in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland are very similar and pre‐sale endoscopy is routine. Post‐sale, a horse may be returned if it is heard to make a characteristic abnormal inspiratory noise during active exercise (‘wind test’) and is diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) on endoscopic examination. No such exercise test is used in Australia, New Zealand or the United States. The definition of RLN in the UK and Ireland is left open for interpretation by the examiner, while the US auction houses define RLN as consistent immobility or inability to fully abduct the arytenoid cartilage, but no particular grade or grading system is specified.,