International Survey on Screening and Management of Strongyloidiasis in Solid Organ Transplant Patients.

How does the brain generate the experience of emotions? Are the neural mechanisms of subjective emotional experience distinct from those governing autonomic and reflexive responses? Historically, defensive autonomic and behavioral responses have been considered central to emotions such as fear, often in relation to brain structures such as the amygdala. However, this close relationship between the experience of fear and measurable “fear” behaviors and physiological activation has recently been called into question., To better dissociate the neural correlates of different components of emotion, it would be useful to have a method to drive the subjective and physiological processes in a targeted and independent way. Closed‐loop approaches are one such way of targeting specific patterns of neural activity., In these experiments, data are analyzed in real‐time, and metrics derived from these data are used to change the experimental stimulus in order to produce a target outcome. A recent innovative closed‐loop brain imaging experiment in macaque monkeys used generative AI models to produce images that maximized specific neural targets. By iteratively selecting, recombining, and mutating the “latent embedding vectors” of generated images based on neural recordings, this method successfully converged to synthetic images that maximally activated neurons in higher visual areas. Importantly, this approach can map the ‘receptive fields’ or ‘tuning characteristics’ of neural targets in a manner similar to classical experiments mapping receptive fields in the primary visual cortex.