Deciphering the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and suicide attempt: a statistical genomic study.

Hepatitis B is a serious and common infectious liver disease. It is a major global health problem. It can cause both acute and chronic infections and puts people at a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer []. One in four people with chronic HBV infection is at risk of premature death from cirrhosis or liver cancer []. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030, which includes ambitious targets for a 90% reduction in the incidence of viral hepatitis, 80% treatment uptake by eligible patients, and a 65% reduction in mortality []. China has made good progress in reducing the incidence of HBV infection in the past few decades. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 3740 studies and 231 million people reported that HBsAg seroprevalence in the general population decreased from 9.6% in 1973–1984 to 3.0% in 2021 []. However, China still has the world’s largest burden of HBV infection. Therefore, reducing the incidence of hepatitis B in China is crucial to achieving the WHO’s goal of reducing viral hepatitis cases by 90% by 2030 []. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys are representative of a specific population and are used to collect information on what is known, believed, and done on a particular topic []. These are the most frequently used tools in health-seeking behavior research []. To reduce the prevalence of hepatitis B, many studies investigate the KAP of HBV among medical staff [], students [], and the healthy population []. However, only a few studies have focused on patients with hepatitis B infection. A study from Pakistan investigated the KAP of patients with hepatitis B but did not analyze the factors influencing KAP []. Another study from the Gambia used only univariate analysis to examine the factors influencing knowledge and attitudes among patients with hepatitis B []. Therefore, there is a need for more accurate measurements of the factors influencing KAP in patients with hepatitis B. Improving the KAP of patients with hepatitis B is very important for several reasons: (1) Patients with hepatitis B who have a low KAP are not only prone to increasing disease burden but may also transmit HBV to others. (2) Most people who are newly infected with HBV remain asymptomatic and do not know their hepatitis status for many years []. Only some individuals infected with HBV exhibit symptoms (acute hepatitis) []. As a result, some patients diagnosed with hepatitis B may neglect to take care of their health and control their condition. (3) Most patients who begin hepatitis B treatment must continue the treatment for life. During antiviral treatment, patients with hepatitis B may experience varying degrees of decline in disease cognition and coping ability, poor treatment compliance, and decreased emotional regulation, which are not conducive to improving the efficacy of antiviral treatment and the quality of life of patients. (4) Although medical insurance coverage in China has reached over 95% of the population [], it can only reimburse a portion of expenses [], with the remaining costs being borne by individuals. Patients with hepatitis B who require long-term or even lifelong medication face a continuous economic burden []. Improving the KAP of patients with hepatitis B helps in better disease management and delays disease progression, thereby reducing the frequency of hospitalizations and preventing costly complications such as liver cancer.