Predictors of treatment response to subthreshold micropulse laser and oral spironolactone therapy for central serous chorioretinopathy.

Child stunting, a key manifestation of chronic undernutrition, remains a serious public health concern that, by 2022, affected an estimated 149 million children under five years of age globally []. This condition is associated with irreversible consequences for physical growth, cognitive development, and overall well-being [–], underscoring its long-term implications for human development []. Consequently, it demands sustained, multidisciplinary interventions []. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the prevalence of stunting in 2022 was 11.5% [], with marked disparities across countries. Whilst some nations have demonstrated progress in reducing this burden, in others, more than 10% of children under five remain affected [], reflecting the persistence of this challenge throughout the region. In Peru, 12.2% of children under five years were affected in 2024, with prevalence considerably higher in rural areas []. In response to this situation, it is essential to implement strategies that effectively improve children’s nutritional outcomes. Peru is geographically divided into three main regions: the coast, highlands, and jungle; which differ substantially in terms of socioeconomic development, urbanization, infrastructure, and access to basic services [, ]. The coast is more urbanised and economically developed, the highlands are characterised by predominantly rural populations and higher levels of poverty, while the jungle region presents geographic and infrastructural challenges that may limit connectivity and access to essential services [, ].