Serum microRNA-34a as a circulating biomarker for age-related macular degeneration and short-term anti-VEGF response in neovascular AMD.

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a strong association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and a predilection for extranodal sites [–]. The nasal cavity and nasopharynx are the most frequent primary sites, whereas the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and testes are less commonly involved. Primary gastrointestinal ENKL is exceptionally rare, accounting for less than 1% of all malignant lymphomas, and typically presents with nonspecific symptoms that hinder early diagnosis. Although gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation are uncommon, their occurrence indicates an extremely poor prognosis []. We describe a rare case of primary ileal ENKL that initially presented with abdominal pain that rapidly progressed to intestinal perforation, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and critical importance of timely recognition and intervention. A previously healthy Japanese 20-year-old male, with no relevant medical history, also no family and psychosocial history developed sudden-onset abdominal pain while outdoors. He was asymptomatic until this episode. The pain was continuous with intermittent exacerbations, followed by a single episode of bloody stool. He was unable to walk because of the severity of pain and was transported to our emergency department by ambulance.