Multifunctional Piezoelectric Foams Enabling Noise Absorption and Deep-Learning-Driven Motion Recognition.

Physical activity (PA) is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that need energy expenditure []. Exercise is a subcategory of PA that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposefully aimed at improving one or more components of physical fitness, which is an essential element of a healthy lifestyle []. Growing evidence suggests that PA can significantly affect maternal health as well as that of her fetus []. For the mother, the benefits of regular PA include reduced excessive gestational weight gain [], low risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [, ], less chance of cesarean Sect. [], improved cardiorespiratory fitness [], increased incidence of vaginal delivery [], and improved sleep []. For the fetus, PA can help newborns have better body composition after birth [], improve neurological development [], and reduce the risk of obesity in childhood []. Although regular PA has many health benefits, most pregnant women have low adherence to PA and remain physically inactive during pregnancy [, ]. Many pregnant women do not comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations: all pregnant women without contraindications should do moderate-intensity PA at least 150 min per week through pregnancy [, ]. Studies conducted in several countries revealed that approximately 7.5% to 21% of pregnant women met PA guidelines of 150 min or more [–]. A survey in China demonstrated that only 2.8% of participants had good adherence levels to sufficient PA during pregnancy []. Thus, a pressing issue to address is how to increase PA in the daily lives of pregnant women. Inadequate PA in pregnant women is in part associated with barriers to PA []. Accordingly, it is essential to assess barriers to PA in this population to increase PA level. Quantitative and qualitative research has formed the identification of perceptions of multiple barriers to PA during pregnancy. Among intrapersonal barriers, fatigue, lack of energy, physical discomfort, uncertainty about miscarriages and premature labor, awkwardness because of weight gain and changed size as pregnancy progressed, and lack of confidence were reported in previous studies [–]. Cultural norms of lack of PA habits, childcare responsibilities, lack of support from husband, family, relatives, and friends, lack of knowledge about how to do PA during pregnancy, and lack of support from health care providers were considered as the interpersonal barriers [–]. Environment barriers were lack of access to facilities, lack of safe and affordable places to be physically active, unfavorable weather, and air pollution [–]. The barriers that every pregnant woman perceives are different and affected by many factors to varying degrees []. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare professionals design personalized and effective interventions targeted at barriers to PA that increase pregnant women’s participation in PA.