The Impact of Missed Doses on Pharmacokinetic Concentrations for Oral Semaglutide in Comparison to Other Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies.

Community violence and crime in Arab society in Israel have risen substantially over the last decade. Since 2017, violent crime has become one of the most distressing issues for the entire nation (), and particularly for the Arab population (). This violence includes firearms, drug trafficking, murders, extortion and protection money. The accessibility of illegal weapons and the lack of enforcement have become so prevalent that 75% of Arab citizens believe using weapons to solve problems is acceptable and routine (). Firearms incidents in Arab residential areas constitute 92% to 95% of all shooting incidents in Israel (). A 2023 survey revealed 2.1 times more murder victims than the previous year, with consequent decreased personal safety: 37% feel insecure, 74% are concerned about crime, and 66% worry about becoming victims (, ). A 2019 survey found 60.5% of Arab citizens feel unsafe in their community, compared to 12.8% of Jewish citizens (). Moreover, 65.6% worry about property offenses, 52% about protection money, and 27% reported direct exposure to violence (). Constant insecurity and worry generate chronic stress, in turn harming physical and emotional wellbeing. Community violence is associated with increased risk of chronic illnesses. Ongoing stress increases stress hormone secretion and risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), potentially resulting in violent outbursts (; ; ).