Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the InovSafeCare Scale for the Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Methodological Study.

By mid-2024, the number of forcibly displaced persons had surpassed 120 million globally []. The figure has been rising at an unprecedented rate due to widespread persecution, conflict, violence, and human rights abuses. Of the 37.9 million refugees worldwide, 71% are hosted in neighboring middle- or low-income countries, where resources and capacity to support them are frequently limited []. Consequently, refugees are often socially and economically marginalized in host communities, living in suboptimal conditions such as impoverished urban areas or overcrowded camps with limited access to services and resources []. As conflicts and political and economic crises in refugees’ countries of origin become increasingly protracted, the need for achieving a sustainable long-term solution has been a primary focus for the international community. The three durable solutions are widely recognized as pathways for refugees to attain long-term stability: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement to a third country. However, with modern conflicts often becoming protracted, as seen in Venezuela and Afghanistan, voluntary repatriation, one of the durable solutions, has become less feasible. Local integration, another durable solution, may also be unattainable due to various factors, including the sheer volume of refugee populations − 3.8 million in Iran and 3.1 million in Türkiye - along with concerns about prioritizing refugees over vulnerable nationals and increased competition for limited resources []. The last durable solution is resettlement to a third country, helping refugees rebuild their lives and futures in the new country. Refugees who cannot seek voluntary repatriation and have specific needs that cannot be met in their country of first asylum may be eligible for resettlement to a third country (hereafter, resettlement). However, less than 1% of the global refugee population is afforded this opportunity []. In addition, while refugees resettled in a third country are often considered better off, they continue to face significant barriers even after resettlement. A body of literature highlights persistent disparities in healthcare access among resettled refugees. Refugees often experience unmet health needs, limited access to information and resources, language and communication barriers, financial difficulties, and systemic discrimination [, ].