Arterial Spin-Labeling MRI at the Cortical-CSF Interface: A Novel Biomarker in Alzheimer Disease.

Gastrointestinal (GI) foreign bodies are a common clinical problem encountered by gastroenterologists. Unlike pediatric cases, adult GI foreign bodies frequently occur in the setting of psychiatric illness, substance use, or incarceration [, , ]. In some adults, ingestion or insertion of a foreign body represents an act of self‐harm, which may reflect suicidal intent or serve as a means of secondary gain, such as temporary removal from custodial settings [, , , ]. Patients may intentionally select objects with a high risk of injury, including razor blades, glass, or other sharp materials [, , ]. Recurrent episodes are common in this population, and several single‐center retrospective studies and case reports have demonstrated substantial healthcare utilization and ongoing management challenges associated with repeated presentations [, , , ]. Management strategies for GI foreign bodies include observation, endoscopic removal, and surgical intervention [, , ]. Evidence‐based guidelines provide recommendations to guide management decisions based on object characteristics, location, and clinical presentation [, ]. In most cases, endoscopy represents the preferred initial therapeutic approach, with surgery generally reserved for failed endoscopic retrieval, objects beyond endoscopic reach, or complications such as obstruction, perforation, or sepsis [, ]. While procedural approaches to foreign body management are well described, outcomes among patients with self‐harm–associated GI foreign bodies—and factors associated with escalation of care—remain poorly characterized using large‐scale, generalizable data. To address these gaps, we performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). By providing nationally representative data, this study aims to better define characteristics and outcomes in this complex patient population.