Effectiveness of web-based educational videos on enhancing diabetes knowledge and empowerment among type 2 diabetes patients in primary care: A randomized controlled trial.

Energy is a critical driver of economic growth, with projections indicating a substantial investment of approximately 2.8 trillion US dollars in energy production in 2023 []. Despite this investment, around 760 million people worldwide lack access to basic energy amenities, particularly in developing countries []. Ensuring universal access to affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy is essential for humankind. In recent years, increased energy demand coupled with rapid population growth has left many households in developing countries without adequate access to basic energy services []. Developed nations typically ensure access to modern, clean energy to combat climate change impact and economic prosperity. However, poorer countries like Bangladesh continue to face significant challenges in energy access, leading to energy poverty among their populations. Energy poverty is commonly defined as the lack of sufficient, modern and reliable energy services [], which has far-reaching consequences such as health issues, educational barriers, gender disparities [, ], air pollution, and food and water scarcity [], all contributing to perpetuating poverty. Even in affluent nations, energy poverty carries serious societal, health, environmental, and economic implications [–]. Given the multidimensional nature of its impact [], effective public policies are crucial for its eradication. Recognizing the multidimensional impacts of energy poverty underscores the need to address it comprehensively rather than through a single-dimensional lens. Tailored policies are essential as socio-economic conditions vary widely across regions. Therefore, understanding how socioeconomic factors influence energy poverty is pivotal for designing effective policies. In conclusion, addressing energy poverty requires identifying vulnerable groups, understanding the dimensions and causes of their poverty, and tailoring policies accordingly. With the above background, this paper aims to measure multidimensional energy poverty and its socio-economic causes in the tea estates of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. The country is particularly susceptible to multidimensional energy poverty due to the highly inconsistent availability of energy amenities, as evidenced by an energy poverty rate of 36.33% in 2016 []. The inability to meet energy demands poses significant challenges, especially in rural areas, where women and children often spend their days searching for cooking fuel, wood for lighting and heating, and other necessities. This situation hampers opportunities for education and human development, contributing to poverty.