Molecular genetic and pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with increased Nuchal Translucency.

Mandatory lane changes are a prevalent form of lane change observed in merging zones, primarily aimed at achieving the desired lane position. On one hand, they can alleviate congestion pressure for vehicles stuck behind slow-moving vehicles or platoons []. On the other hand, they can also create gaps that hinder the progress of following vehicles in the receiving lane, potentially leading to stop-and-go oscillations or even traffic breakdowns [–]. Considering the heightened disruption caused by their mandatory and forceful nature [], this study focuses on modelling mandatory lane-changing behaviour at freeway on-ramps. As a consequence, subsequent research has placed significant emphasis on understanding the detrimental effects of lane changes on traffic safety and flow when modelling lane-changing behaviours. The majority of existing lane-changing models are rule-based [–], often overlooking the stochastic and uncertain nature of driver behaviour. Conversely, some models utilize practical utility-based approaches to capture drivers’ decision-making processes [–]. However, these models do not explicitly consider the interactions among drivers and cognitive decision-making features. Therefore, the game-theoretic method has gained widespread application in modelling lane-changing decisions [–] to address the intricate interplay among conflicting drivers. The lane-changing game typically considers lane-changing necessity, desirability, safety, etc. The utility of each driver depends not only on their actions but also on the actions of other drivers. This allows the game-theoretic method to describe drivers’ interactive behaviour and analyse the driving action mechanism during lane changes.