A lightweight alignment-aware DBNet for surgical instrument code detection.

Global warming, climate change and environmental concerns have become increasingly prominent issues on the international public agenda. However, as these issues constitute negative externalities that the market does not adequately address, governments have been compelled to intervene through environmental regulations. The intersection of environmental problems and institutional responses has sparked growing interest in the factors influencing citizens’ attitudes towards such regulations. Recent studies, such as those by El Deeb et al. [] and Villaseñor-Ibáñez et al. [], have analysed voting trends and the influence of religious and socio-economic factors on public opinion in the United States. This is fundamental for designing more effective and widely accepted environmental policies. Adelle et al. [] argued that growing awareness of these externalities led Europe and the United States to first implement local environmental policies, and subsequently more transnational regulations. This shaped a new agenda for policymakers and international diplomats. However, environmental regulations are not exempt from citizens’ concerns and criticism. According to the Pew Research Center [], for example, ‘many religious Americans voice concerns about the potential consequences of environmental regulations, such as a loss of individual freedoms, fewer jobs, or higher energy prices’ (p. 7). The issue of climate change gained significant attention when scientists, for example, proved that the ozone layer was becoming thinner in some parts of the world, causing an increase in skin cancers due to emissions from highly industrialised countries. In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established, followed by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992. These institutions are responsible for establishing an overarching framework for global cooperation to address climate change, recognising the need to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, and assessing the scientific basis of climate change to guide policymakers. Subsequently, various climate treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol 1997 and the Paris Agreement 2015, were signed by some countries to raise awareness of climate change, promote international cooperation, and encourage action to limit its effects.