Determining the minimal clinically important difference for EQ-5D-5L scores in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing threat to global public health. Although the impact of AMR is widely studied in hospital settings, in primary health care (PHC) this impact is still insufficiently explored. As the primary level of healthcare, PHC faces significant challenges related to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. This irrational and excessive use contributes to AMR, increased expenses, and wasted resources. In PHC, antibiotic dispensing may include leftovers, which are excess quantities dispensed to the user that are not necessary for the prescribed treatment. These leftovers occur due to the lack of purchase of split-dose packaging and the technical difficulty of proper unit-dose dispensing in PHC. Dispensing medication with leftovers directly encourages inappropriate use of medications, such as self-medication or sharing with people with similar symptoms, and increases the possibility of environmental contamination through improper disposal, contributing to the spread of AMR in the community. Furthermore, it contributes to a significant waste of financial resources in the healthcare system. The Rational Use of Medicines (RUM), according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is when the user receives the appropriate medication for their condition, in correct and adjusted doses that meet their own individual requirements, ensuring the adequate duration of treatment at a reasonable cost for both the user and the community. The effective application of RUM represents a significant challenge in combating AMR.