Global landscape and knowledge structure of research on pancreatitis and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis based on WoSCC and Scopus (2006 - 2025).

Workplace violence has been identified as a pervasive and consequential occupational hazard in healthcare settings worldwide. It encompasses a broad spectrum of behaviours, ranging from verbal abuse and threats to physical assault, and may result in physical, psychological, sexual or economic harm to those exposed [, ]. Historically, research on workplace violence has primarily focused on hospital environments, particularly emergency departments (EDs), where violence is recognised as a major occupational hazard. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported that approximately 77% of ED healthcare workers experienced verbal violence, while around 18% were exposed to physical violence, highlighting the exceptionally high burden in this setting. In comparison, studies from primary care consistently show that non-physical forms of aggression, including verbal abuse, threats, and harassment, predominate, whereas physical assaults occur considerably less frequently. Nevertheless, the overall proportion of general practice staff reporting any experience of patient-related aggression remains substantial, with prevalence estimates ranging from approximately 50% to over 80%, depending on the definition of violence, professional group, and observation period [–]. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines “violence and harassment” in the workplace as behaviours and practices that aim at, result in, or are likely to result in harm, including gender-based violence and harassment []. Applying this definition, recent evidence indicates that both physical and non-physical aggression occur in general practice, although the patterns differ from those in emergency care. Narrative reviews have summarised international findings, highlighting that non-physical forms such as verbal abuse, threats, and harassment are reported most frequently in primary care [, ].