Aerobic exercise combined with FK866 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice with NAMPT abnormality.

Global myopia in children and adolescents has risen from in the 1990s to in the early 2020s. It is projected to reach a prevalence of by 2050, which is estimated to affect over 740 million young people worldwide (). OK lenses are worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea. This provides clear daytime vision without aids and simultaneously manages myopia progression by creating a peripheral defocus (; ; ). OK lenses have become the mainstay of clinical intervention for myopia control. Traditional OK lenses design does not accommodate individual corneal shape or blinking dynamics, leading to suboptimal outcomes like lens decentration and regression in about of cases (; ; ). Hence, developing a personalized biomechanical design theory for ortho-k is an urgent priority. A key limitation in corneal biomechanical simulation is the oversimplified geometry used in most FEMs (; ; ; ). These models typically rely on rotationally symmetric shapes (e.g., spheres, torics) to enforce regularity, which fails to capture the eye’s true asymmetric topology—such as temporal flattening and vertical curvature gradients—leading to distorted stress predictions. This includes methods that reconstruct surfaces via low-order Zernike polynomial fitting () which smooth out high-order asymmetric features, resulting in an effectively rotationally symmetric corneal geometry. In such frameworks, any asymmetry in the simulation is introduced solely through externally applied conditions, not from the patient’s inherent anatomy. In , lens decentration was measured clinically from topography first and then imposed into the FEA model as a known parameter. Additionally, By ignoring the 3D tear film gradient and its squeeze-film pressure, models that assume a uniform load create a biologically invalid simulation of the lens-cornea interface. The compromised accuracy of the registration algorithm prevents effective fusion of patient-specific modeling and clinical data. There is a lack of quantitative validation for the biomechanical effects of key parameters such as BOZD and TDR. This study establishes the first biomechanical simulation framework for personalized OK models, driven by human corneal topography. Key innovations include: 1) Accurate Modeling: Patient-specific 3D corneal geometries are reconstructed from clinical topography data, preserving key asymmetric features. 2)Enhanced Physical Mechanisms:This was achieved by incorporating an improved ICP algorithm (; ; ) for anatomically-precise lens-cornea registration, which addresses dynamic lens-wearing posture errors. Furthermore, a theoretical model of the non-uniform squeeze-film pressure field (; ) was introduced to compute the blinking-induced pressure load based on the 3D interfacial gap distribution. 3) Multidimensional Validation and Mechanistic Analysis: The framework included morphological and optical metrics. The analysis also incorporated Cumulative Relative Corneal Refractive Power in the Pupillary Area (), a parameter directly predictive of OK treatment outcome (; ; , ). Subsequently, the resulting simulation data were used to elucidate the mechanistic influence of BOZD and TDR.