Twenty-four-hour movement patterns relate with cardiometabolic health in adults with obesity.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes a predominant contributor to global disability, impacting hundreds of millions of individuals across various demographic age categories and cultural backgrounds. This psychiatric condition is delineated by a sustained state of diminished mood, anhedonia, cognitive impairments, and considerable psychosocial dysfunction, which collectively heighten the risk of suicide and impose significant economic and healthcare challenges on a global scale. Epidemiological data indicate that the worldwide prevalence of depressive disorders is on an upward trajectory, with a disproportionate effect observed among females and younger populations, thereby establishing it as one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric conditions in clinical settings. Although specific statistics may differ regionally, the extensive repercussions of depression on quality of life and daily functioning are indisputable, necessitating continued endeavors to refine treatment methodologies beyond conventional monotherapy approaches (–). Pathophysiologically, MDD is increasingly conceptualized as a complex, multifactorial condition characterized by interrelated neurobiological mechanisms. Traditional monoaminergic theories emphasize the dysregulation of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; however, these neurotransmitter-focused explanations fail to comprehensively account for the observed clinical heterogeneity and resistance to treatment. Modern integrative models encompass a range of neurobiological deficits, including diminished levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neuroinflammatory processes, oxidative stress, as well as disturbances in neuroplasticity, immune responses, and stress reactivity. These converging mechanisms indicate that focusing solely on individual pharmacological targets may prove inadequate for addressing the entire array of biological disruptions linked to depressive symptomatology (–). Despite the existence of an array of first-line antidepressant pharmacotherapies and rigorously substantiated psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), substantial deficiencies endure. Antidepressants, encompassing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and various other classifications, frequently necessitate an extended duration to elicit clinical efficacy, reveal inadequate response rates, and possess a potential for adverse effects that lead to premature cessation and suboptimal adherence. Similarly, although psychotherapy exhibits considerable effectiveness in a substantial number of patients, its advantages may be limited by accessibility constraints, extended treatment timelines, and variability in the availability and caliber of therapists. Furthermore, remission rates remain relatively modest, with a considerable fraction of individuals enduring residual symptoms notwithstanding the implementation of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (–). These deficiencies highlight the imperative for supplementary or integrative treatment methodologies that can optimize therapeutic outcomes and tailor care to individual patient needs. In light of these inadequately addressed requirements, there has been an increasing scholarly interest in herbal and phytotherapeutic adjuncts that possess the ability to interact with multiple pathophysiological pathways associated with depression. Medicinal flora, historically employed within diverse complementary and integrative medicine paradigms, harbor bioactive compounds endowed with neurochemical, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuromodulatory attributes. For instance, (true lavender) has exhibited both anxiolytic and mood-regulating properties in preclinical and clinical investigations, potentially via the modulation of GABAergic and monoaminergic systems alongside effects on central neural circuits (). Similarly, encompasses fatty acid profiles and antioxidant components that may affect stress-related pathways and inflammatory responses, thereby indicating its potential as a mood adjunct (, ).