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Prognostic value of the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index for postoperative visual hallucinations following cardiac surgery.

Authors: Abu Khadija H, Darwish A, Kamel MA, Najajra D, Fraitekh YZ, Masu'd M, Othman WSA, Al-Haj O, Mustafa M, Darawsha AO, Yaseen H, Ibrahim AA, Hamdan Y, Abu Khadija Y, Alkhatib H, Tamimi HM, Nairat M, Zotarelli Filho IJ, Abu Hamdeh N, Alnees M
Journal: Frontiers in psychiatry
mental health psychology open access

Abstract

Traumatic experiences in post‐conflict settings often manifest in ways that are not fully articulated [, ], particularly when cultural norms, collective history, and personal constraints shape emotional expression []. Silence is a complex and culturally mediated phenomenon that extends beyond the mere absence of speech []. In trauma‐affected contexts, it often functions as a protective mechanism, enabling individuals to regulate overwhelming emotions, navigate social expectations, or maintain personal and collective dignity []. Far from indicating resolution or emotional absence, silence can carry profound meaning, signaling unarticulated distress, suppressed memories, or relational tensions [, ]. Understanding silence as an expressive, rather than neutral, element of human experience is critical in trauma‐informed practice, as it allows practitioners to attend to what remains unspoken, reading between the lines of verbal and nonverbal communication []. Silence may function as a survival strategy, a protective mechanism, or a socially conditioned response [], rather than a sign of healing [].