The effectiveness of a proposed program to enhance social and emotional skills on developing psychological well-being (good condition) in UNRWA schools: Jalazone Basic Schools as a model.

Treatment for psychiatric disorders is based on operational diagnostic criteria derived from patients' subjective experiences and behavioral observations. Some patients respond to treatment, whereas others remain treatment-resistant. Therefore, to develop more effective treatments, an objective diagnostic concept based on neurobiological features is needed. A previous large-scale data-driven study involving subcortical brain volumes identified brain biotypes associated with cognitive and social functioning across major psychiatric disorders (). Based on these findings, a subgroup characterized by enlarged lateral ventricles (EV) and cognitive impairment (CI), termed EVCI, was proposed as a candidate neurobiological subgroup (). The initial report of EVCI described a high prevalence of schizophrenia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, and rare pathogenic copy number variations. Subsequent case series identified additional clinical features, including white matter hyperintensities, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and favorable response to clozapine (). EVCI was subsequently replicated (). Lateral ventricular enlargement, often observed in patients with schizophrenia (), has been associated with cognitive dysfunction () and longitudinal IQ changes (). In first-episode psychosis, a significant enlargement of the third ventricle, but not the lateral ventricles, has been reported, which was associated with reduced verbal memory (). Given these findings, the present study aimed to investigate cognitive profiles in patients with schizophrenia by comparing those who met the EVCI criteria with those who did not.