Efficacy and safety of rTMS for global symptom severity, negative symptoms, and auditory hallucinations in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anemia is a condition that is characterized by a decreased level of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, or red blood cells below the normal range for age, sex, physiological state, and altitude []. Anemia in preschool children is diagnosed as a hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), public health significance of anemia is categorized as a no, mild, moderate, and severe public health problem when the prevalence of anemia in the community is < 5%, 5%–19.9%, 20%–39.9%, and ≥ 40%, respectively []. Anemia is one of the most widespread diseases, with one in four people affected by anemia worldwide. According to a WHO report, worldwide more than 1.62 billion people are anemic, and preschool children account for about 47% of the total anemic patients. Anemia is most prevalent in most parts of Africa, South Asia, and some countries in East Asia and the Pacific []. The highest magnitude of anemia is found in developing countries []. In sub‐Saharan Africa, anemia in preschool children is considered a severe public health problem []. According to Ethiopian Demography Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, in Ethiopia, the prevalence of anemia among children of 6–59 months of age increased from 44% in 2011 to 57% in 2016 []. In children, anemia significantly affects physical, mental, and social development and also changes their cognitive function. This in turn causes poor school performance, which in turn decreases their work productivity [].