A short-term mindfulness and auricular acupressure program for preoperative sleep fragmentation in patients with spinal metastases: a retrospective quasi-experimental study.

Raynaud’s disease (RD) is a disorder of the peripheral vascular system characterised by episodes of pain, numbness, and colour changes in the extremities due to cold or stress. RD can be primary (pRD) or secondary (sRD) to an underlying condition such as scleroderma (). The prevalence of pRD in the general population is around 5%, and although it varies by country (), it carries a significant burden. It is estimated that pRD accounts for 80%–90% of RD cases, and sRD accounts for 10%–20% (). Although some studies found the prevalence of RD to be higher in colder climates (), other studies reported conflicting evidence (; ). The impact of RD on quality of life depends on several factors, including the frequency, duration, and severity of episodes, as well as the presence of comorbidities (). sRD is progressive and can lead to irreversible damage (). While pRD is considered benign, the pain, functional disability, and unpredictability of episodes () lead individuals to make lifestyle changes (). Available treatments require daily routine modifications, are often ineffective, have side effects (), and negatively impact individuals’ quality of life and mental health (). Research investigating the impact of RD on quality of life is limited and has not always employed appropriate measures. Past research measured health-related quality of life using 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36; (; )), the anxiety/depression dimension of EQ-5D (), and measures of wellbeing (i.e. ONS4-Life Satisfaction; ; ). In the absence of RD-specific quality of life measures, developed and validated the Raynaud Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). Using RQLQ, reported that people with sRD had significantly lower quality of life than those with primary RD.