Dataset on subjective well-being (happiness) among university students in Indonesia.

Blended care is a promising approach to amplify psychological therapy by integrating face-to-face therapy with digital mental health interventions (). Literature has demonstrated the potential for integrating ambulatory methods, such as Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMI) () and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) (), into the treatment of mental health disorders (; ). EMIs use smartphone technology to deliver interventions in daily life, such as reminders and therapeutic exercises, essentially offering a 24/7 available “therapist in your pocket”. The use of EMIs in addition to face-to-face therapy facilitates the application of learned skills beyond the therapy room, fostering their integration and generalization into daily life (; ). The delivered interventions can be tailored based on EMA data, which is collected through repeated self-report questionnaires assessing mood, behaviours, activities and symptoms as they occur in daily life, with minimal recall biases and high ecological validity (; ; ). EMA/EMI in addition to therapy can increase client empowerment, self-awareness and self-management (; ; ; ; ) offering a real-world focused and person-centred approach to psychotherapy. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life (ACT-DL) is an evidence-based blended care intervention that combines protocolized face-to-face therapy sessions with a smartphone application, the ACT-DL app, which uses an EMA-guided EMI to deliver exercises and increase emotional awareness in daily life (; ; ). ACT-DL employs cognitive and behavioral techniques to promote psychological flexibility, defined as the ability to act toward or in accordance with personal values and goals, regardless of unpleasant experiences or sensations (; ). Psychological flexibility is achieved through six skills or ACT processes (acceptance, cognitive defusion, self-as-context, contact with the present moment, values and committed action), which in turn, contribute to better well-being (; ). In ACT-DL, the ACT processes are introduced in the therapy sessions and are practised in daily life with the app, creating a powerful approach to bridge the therapy room and everyday life. From an mHealth research lifecycle perspective, ACT-DL has progressed through multiple iterations of feasibility testing, user-evaluation and clinical trials, with each step informing subsequent optimization (). First, ACT-DL was examined in a small inpatient study assessing feasibility and preliminary effects (), followed by two randomized controlled trials (RCT): one using group ACT-DL in individuals with emerging depressive and psychotic symptoms () and another using individual ACT in early psychosis (). ACT-DL led to a decrease in researcher-rated depressive symptoms () and improvements in negative symptoms and functioning (). The second RCT (INTERACT) also included an early feasibility check with 16 participants (), broader feasibility and acceptability assessments () and qualitative interviews (). These studies demonstrate feasibility in terms of engagement and acceptability (; ; ; ; ), but also highlight barriers such as EMA burden and difficulties integrating ACT-DL in daily life, particularly during work, school or social activities (; ; ). Understanding such barriers is important for guiding further iterations of ACT-DL that better match client needs and enhance its clinical impact.