Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea Mechanistic Convergence, Phenotypic Heterogeneity, and Clinical Implications.

Cardiac arrest (CA) remains a leading cause of death and long-term neurological disability worldwide., , Data from China’s National Mortality Monitoring System indicate a sustained increase in CA-related mortality between 2013 and 2021, contributing to a substantial economic and social burden, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Despite advances in resuscitation science, overall survival and neurological outcomes after CA remain poor., Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) is the principal determinant of mortality and neurological disability following successful resuscitation., , PCABI is commonly conceptualized as a biphasic process comprising primary injury occurring within minutes of circulatory arrest due to energy failure and secondary injury, which evolves over hours to days after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and involves impaired oxygen delivery, metabolic stress, and neuroinflammation., , Over the past decade, substantial research has focused on PCABI mechanisms, monitoring, prognostication, and therapeutic interventions., , , However, despite the critical role of PCABI in patient outcomes, few interventions are supported by high-certainty evidence in international resuscitation guidelines. This rapid expansion of PCABI research has created a fragmented knowledge landscape, and whether evolving research priorities address key evidence gaps remains unclear., ,