Associations Between Parenting Stress, Family Support, Emotion Regulation, and Parental Burnout in Parents of Adolescents with Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Structural Equation Modeling and Fuzzy-

Gender roles and societal norms are established from birth, shaping social expectations and delineating what is deemed acceptable behavior for individuals within a given culture. These roles may be traditional, characterized by inequality between men and women in familial and professional domains, or egalitarian, emphasizing an equitable division of responsibilities. Negative gender-related experiences occur when individuals perceive disparities in gender roles and norms, or when their gender identity results in deprivation of opportunities. Such experiences have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes among youth, including increased depressive symptoms, eating disorders, and suicidal ideation. Gender-based violence encompasses any form of physical, psychological, sexual, or symbolic assault directed at individuals in vulnerable situations due to their gender identity or sexual orientation. Prejudice and the subordinate social positioning of women can precipitate violence against them. How gender relations are constructed, along with entrenched cultural beliefs, perpetuate a cycle of victimization, often stigmatizing and silencing survivors. Symbolic violence, in particular, refers to subtle, often invisible forms of violence exercised through behaviors, ideologies, and institutional practices that naturalize and legitimize inequality. These mechanisms collectively establish a symbolic framework that transmits and sustains dominant conceptions, often dissimulating the victim’s perception and reinforcing the perpetrator’s power.