Endocannabinoid system attenuates emotional stress-induced orofacial musculoskeletal pain in rats.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory breast disease that predominantly affects young women of reproductive age. Histopathologically, it is characterized by non-caseating granulomas, recurrent abscesses, and occasional fistula formation. Although IGM is a benign condition, its clinical course is frequently complicated by recurrence or treatment resistance, resulting in a substantial physical and psychological burden for affected patients. The aetiopathogenesis of IGM has not yet been fully elucidated. Autoimmune mechanisms, hormonal influences, and infectious agents—particularly Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii—have been implicated; however, these biological factors alone are insufficient to explain the marked heterogeneity observed in disease severity, treatment response, and recurrence rates, which variability suggests that additional modifying factors may contribute to the clinical course of the disease. Psychoneuroimmunology predicts that stable psychological traits influence immune and inflammatory processes. Affective temperament traits, such as depressive and anxious dispositions, as well as difficulties in emotion regulation, have been associated with alterations in autonomic nervous system regulation, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness, glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling, which mechanisms may contribute to the persistence of inflammatory activity and reduced responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapies. In several chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, psychological factors have been associated with disease activity and treatment outcomes. In contrast, evidence regarding psychosomatic determinants in IGM remains limited. Although increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have been reported in women with IGM, the roles of affective temperament structure and emotion regulation capacity in predicting clinically meaningful outcomes—such as recurrence and treatment resistance—have not been systematically investigated.