Mandarin translation and validation of the Theory of Mind Inventory-2 and the Theory of Mind Task Battery for autistic children in Mainland China.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, requiring lifelong insulin therapy and careful glycemic management to prevent hypo- and hyperglycemia []. Due to the challenges in insulin titration and glycemic control, individuals with T1D face more than twice the risk of all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction, and three times the risk of end-stage renal disease compared to individuals with type 2 diabetes [, ]. Recent American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as the method for monitoring blood glucose levels in patients with T1D []. In real-world settings, CGM use has been associated with a 0.1% reduction in glycated hemoglobin every 3 months in individuals with T1D, compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) []. Despite the efficacy of CGM, its use presents challenges, including discomfort, cost, and the time required for its application, as well as the difficulty in interpreting CGM data []. Applying CGM data to insulin titration can be challenging for patients. A recent study found that providing personalized education on CGM use in patients with T1D was associated with a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin []. Adults with T1D are approximately three times more likely to experience depression compared to individuals without diabetes. People with T1D who also have psychiatric disorders have a 3%–40% increased risk of cardiovascular disease or death compared to individuals without diabetes [, ]. A recent national cohort study indicated that the probability of suicide among individuals with T1D may exceed that of individuals with cancer, underscoring the need for interventions to mitigate the psychological burden of T1D []. A previous study reported that over a 9-month period, 54.4% of individuals with T1D experienced elevated diabetes distress, indicating the need for ongoing monitoring of psychological burden [].