Deep learning approach for art style recognition and colour restoration in visual art images.

Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is an injury to the nerves of the brachial plexus during birth, leaving affected individuals with temporary or permanent paralysis of one or both arms. This injury occurs in approximately one to three live births per 1000. Spontaneous recovery is possible within the first several months of life; yet 20 to 30% of children experience some degree of permanent limitation in arm mobility and/or sensation. In cases without spontaneous resolution, additional musculoskeletal sequelae occur, including contractures, joint deformity/dislocation, and altered arm growth. A variety of therapeutic and surgical interventions are used to address these sequelae, but none are curative, leaving many children with permanent neuromusculoskeletal consequences of BPBI. Among adolescents with BPBI, pain and negative coping strategies have been identified as risk factors for mental health concerns. Furthermore, participation restrictions and distress with body image can negatively impact health related quality of life (HRQoL) in affected adolescents. Despite knowledge of negative HRQoL impacts of BPBI among affected adolescents and the permanent nature of BPBI sequelae, relatively little attention has been paid historically to the impact of BPBI into adulthood. To fill this knowledge gap, a recent international, multi-phase mixed methods study (ived xperience of dults with Brachial lexus Birth Injury – LEAP) sought to first identify and then quantify the impact of BPBI in adulthood. In the LEAP study, mixed methods surveys and in-depth individual interviews were utilized to identify the HRQoL concerns of adults with BPBI by investigating participants’ perceptions of their wellbeing related to having BPBI. Subsequently, qualitative survey and interview results were utilized to select appropriate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to the relevant HRQoL concerns. The LEAP study results identified a broad array of HRQoL concerns among adults with BPBI, including psychosocial impacts, pain, and physical limitations. However, the analyses also revealed that the availability of BPBI-specific care in adulthood is frequently lacking. Thus, the LEAP study identified a mismatch between the breadth of HRQoL impact and the availability of care for adults with BPBI, identifying an opportunity to improve care for adults with BPBI. Addressing this mismatch requires investigating relationships between affected individuals and healthcare resources. An appropriate theoretical framework in which to do so is the concept of health literacy, defined as an individual's ability to access health information and act to improve their health. Health literacy is broader in scope than medical literacy, which refers to an individual's ability to read and understand written medical information. The health literacy of adults in the United States was identified as a problem impacting the quality and cost of healthcare two decades ago. Because health literacy is perceived to empower patients toward improving their quality of life, scholars have declared that health literacy should be a shared responsibility of patients as well as healthcare professionals to the point of being a social norm.