Prospective evaluation of the Simple Fetal Medicine Foundation's first-trimester prediction model for preeclampsia in twin pregnancies.

Ear infection, affecting 65–330 million people globally, is common in all ages but particularly in children due to their shorter, horizontal eustachian tubes, which facilitate pathogen entry to the middle ear. It includes otitis externa, media, and interna, with middle ear inflammation being the most prevalent, occurring as acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), or otitis media with effusion (OME). Chronic suppurative otitis media is a persistent middle ear infection with a perforated tympanic membrane and draining exudate, often associated with cholesteatoma, with being the most common cause. The World Health Organization classifies CSOM prevalence into categories: highest (>4%), high (2-4%), low (1-2%), and lowest (<1%). Its prevalence remains high in developing nations (2-4%), with approximately 164 million cases of hearing loss attributed to CSOM in these regions. Acute suppurative otitis media is characterized by fluid in the middle ear and acute infection symptoms, often recurring in children and leading to frequent antibiotic prescriptions. Bacteria such as , , (, and commonly cause ASOM. In Ethiopia, bacterial ear infections are prevalent, ranging from 48.5% to 95.2%, with spp., spp., and are the leading causes. Otitis media is particularly prevalent among children and is commonly treated with antibiotics including, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin. However, misuse or overuse of these antibiotics has led to rising global antibiotic resistance.