Development and validation of a self-report questionnaire to assess executive functions in healthy adults: the executive functions in healthy adults questionnaire (EFHAQ).

Large‐scale international sporting events, such as the UEFA EURO 2024, the European Championship in football, attract massive global audiences and have consequences that extend far beyond the sport itself. Millions of individuals experience strong emotional reactions to these events, as they follow games for their suspense and dynamics (Unanue et al., ; Wann, ). The experience of such events is also inherently social, as they are often shared and discussed with others. From a social identity perspective, such events create collective experiences that connect individuals to larger ingroups, be they fans, teams or nations. These events thus provide a fertile ground to examine how shared identities spill over to spectators' daily lives. Social identity theory (SIT; Tajfel & Turner, ) and self‐categorisation theory (Turner et al., ) suggest that these shared experiences activate collective self‐definitions, turning individual spectators into members of psychologically meaningful groups whose shared fate (winning or losing) shapes psychological outcomes (Haslam, ; Tajfel & Turner, ). While social identity theory and self‐categorisation theory are closely related and jointly form the broader social identity approach, they have complementary features. Social identity theory outlines a process through which social categorisation and the situational salience of group membership precede social comparison and its psychological consequences. Complementing this, self‐categorisation theory specifies the context‐sensitive mechanisms through which social identities become salient. Together, both approaches describe a process in which contextual cues shape identities, which in turn have a range of downstream psychological and behavioural outcomes (Tajfel & Turner, ; Trepte & Loy, ).