Outcomes of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma in children.

In view of the growing demand for resilient and sustainable agriculture and the rising risk of pests becoming resistant to commonly used pesticides, traditional chemical control is increasingly viewed and discussed critically by society and policymakers. Biorational approaches have become a valuable alternative to chemical pesticides within integrated pest management strategies, as they effectively control pest infestations while minimising adverse impacts on human health and the environment. One such approach is biological control, which relies on the use of living organisms to suppress or reduce pest populations in response to infestations or as a preventive measure to maintain pest densities below established damage thresholds. Hymenopteran parasitoids are effective biological control agents due to their high host specificity and ability to substantially reduce pest populations, even at low host densities. Parasitoids rely on various sensory signals to detect host habitats and locate suitable hosts, with chemical cues playing a particularly important role by guiding them in this process. These cues may originate from one or multiple sources and are central to the host‐finding process. Successful orientation requires parasitoids to recognise host‐specific odours within a complex chemical environment and to discriminate these informative signals from unspecific background noise., Potential odour sources include host‐derived products such as faeces, silk, chemical trails and pheromones, as well as volatile compounds released from the host's food substrate., , Although parasitoids have proven to be effective biological control agents in agricultural and horticultural systems, their adoption for managing stored product pests in warehouses and similar facilities remains limited. This is due to several factors, including advances in physical control methods, as well as higher costs, slower action, and the still existing efficacy gap relative to conventional pesticides. Nevertheless, beneficial arthropods offer promising potential for broader use in stored product pest management, particularly as knowledge of their biology and chemical ecology continues to advance. In this context, the specific role of semiochemicals in odour‐mediated host‐searching behaviour remains poorly understood for many species and may narrow their effective implementation. Such knowledge is crucial for broadening our understanding of their chemical communication and host‐location mechanisms and, ultimately, for improving the practical application of parasitoids in biological control programs in storage facilities. To date, research in this area has primarily focused on species belonging to the families Pteromalidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae and Bethylidae. For instance, behavioural experiments on the chemically mediated host‐finding process of the bethylid wasp (Bréthes) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) have shown that the application of synthetic host‐specific volatile compounds increases the host‐searching activity and parasitisation rates in females. These findings open up new avenues in the field of biologically based stored product protection. Further investigation and transfer to other parasitoid–host systems is required.