Efficacy of ripasudil-brimonidine fixed-dose combination in secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis: a retrospective study.

Fundus albipunctatus (FA; OMIM #136880) is a type of stationary night blindness characterized by impaired night vision, and with many small and discrete white dots scattered throughout the retina except in the macula region [, ]. FA is caused by biallelic variants of the retinol dehydrogenase 5-encoding gene ( OMIM *601617)[, ] The gene is essential for the conversion of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal, and dysfunction of this gene leads to a disturbance of the visual cycle with slow recovery of dark-adaptation. FA can be accurately diagnosed by full-field electroretinography (ERG): the rod responses are non-recordable after 20 minutes of dark-adaptation and recover to normal amplitudes following 180 min of dark-adaptation. Several studies show that FA is not necessarily a stationary disorder, and cases with progressive macular atrophy have been described [, ]. It is also reported that cone dysfunction was present in the late stages in more than one-half of FA cases [–]. Although the pathological mechanisms of FA have not been fully determined, not only cone but also rod photoreceptors in the peripheral retina are expected to be susceptible to dysfunction or atrophy. This is because the gene plays a significant role in the rod visual cycle. However, there has not been any systematic investigations of the morphology and function of the peripheral retina in FA patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term morphological and functional changes of the retina of patients with FA to determine whether the peripheral retina is preserved in the later stages of FA. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects after an explanation of the procedures to be used for the examinations was presented. Permission was also obtained to use their medical data for research.