Non-crop habitats are associated with early-season abundance dynamics of predatory natural enemies adjacent to wheat fields.

Uveitis refers to a group of intraocular inflammatory disorders triggered by diverse etiologies such as infection, autoimmune dysfunction, or ocular trauma []. It is a significant contributor to global visual loss, accounting for approximately 10–15% of cases of blindness and causing severe or legal visual impairment in a large proportion of affected individuals [, ]. Glaucoma secondary to uveitis is a sight-threatening complication [, ], and 10–20% of patients with uveitis will develop secondary glaucoma over the disease course. Since intraocular pressure (IOP) higher than 30 mmHg is not rare, most patients require multiple antiglaucoma medications [–]. Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate is a Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor that improves aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular outflow pathway [–]. It reduces actomyosin contraction, disrupts stress fibers in trabecular meshwork cells, and enhances the permeability of the inner wall of Schlemm’s canal. These effects decrease outflow resistance and consequently lower IOP. Beyond biomechanics, ROCK inhibition also exerts immunomodulatory effects relevant to uveitis, including dampening leukocyte trafficking and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling; in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and endotoxin-induced uveitis models, ripasudil reduced clinical inflammation and inflammatory readouts, supporting a potential dual benefit in inflamed eyes [, ]. Clinical studies indicate that ripasudil effectively lowers IOP in uveitis-related secondary glaucoma (including inflammatory and steroid-induced types), [–], and that its perioperative use contributes to improved surgical success. []. Brimonidine tartrate, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, lowers IOP via a complementary mechanism—reducing aqueous humor production acutely and enhancing uveoscleral outflow with chronic dosing [–]. In addition, it is suggested that brimonidine may confer retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection through NMDA/glutamate pathway modulation and trophic factor signaling, which could be advantageous in eyes at risk of inflammatory optic neuropathy [, ].