Precision greenness exposure is associated with lung cancer risk in medicare beneficiaries.

With advances in prevention, detection, and treatment, many cancers are increasingly managed as a chronic condition, leading to a growing population of long-term survivors []. This success brings new challenges, as survivors often face a range of physical and psychological co-morbidities, increased comorbidities with ageing which require ongoing, complex care [, ] and other challenges aligned to the wider determinants of health []. However, the quality and accessibility of this care vary significantly, particularly within rural and coastal communities where people face greater financial, travel, and other access-related barriers to cancer care [–], creating disparities in patient outcomes. To address these disparities, the European Code of Cancer Practice (ECCP) was developed by the European Cancer Organisation to empower patients and guide healthcare systems by establishing ten rights [], outlined in Fig. . Ten key patient rights outlined by the ECCP, taken from Lawler et al (2021) []. Figure used with permission from the European Cancer Organisation on 4 June 2026 Building on the European Cancer Patient Bill of Rights, the ECCP aims to ensure that all patients receive the best available care throughout the cancer care pathway, regardless of their location or socioeconomic status []. As an evidence-based, patient-centred framework, it was co-produced with cancer patients, patient advocates, and cancer professionals and serves as an educational tool to assist citizens throughout their care journey, from diagnosis to survivorship (including supportive and palliative care) []. Despite its endorsement, including by the European Commission [], implementation of the ECCP remains challenging in practice, particularly within rural, coastal, and remote regions, where pre-existing health inequalities are often more pronounced []. A recent survey of oncology professionals in Poland found that some EECP rights were particularly challenging and less feasible to implement, due to workforce and attitudinal barriers []. For example, equal access to optimal care and survivorship and rehabilitation planning. Yet, evidence on barriers and facilitators to implementing the ECCP in the United Kingdom (UK) and other European contexts remains limited. It is therefore difficult to robustly evaluate current service delivery against these patient-centred rights, or to assess the utility and impact of the ECCP for services [, ].