Determinants of mammography screening uptake among women attending family health centers in Ankara, Türkiye: a cross-sectional study.

Adult reconstruction surgeons routinely perform complex joint arthroplasty procedures that require exceptional physical endurance, technical precision, and psychological resilience. These surgeries place significant physical demands on the surgeon, including sustained application of force during critical operative steps such as bone preparation, broaching, reaming, and implant impaction. Additionally, these procedures often require surgeons to maintain ergonomically challenging positions for an extended time while applying considerable force during component reduction or placement. Surgeons must also manage extensive instrument sets and implant inventories while adhering to strict sterile techniques, frequently working in constraining personal protective equipment such as surgical space suits and double gloves. The prolonged use of power tools and impaction instruments further exposes surgeons to excessive vibration and elevated noise levels throughout the operations. Modern technological advances such as robotic-assisted surgical systems have introduced additional complexities, requiring surgeons to integrate and manage these technologies within the already confined and demanding operative environment. While previous expert reviews have identified specific occupational hazards in hip and knee adult reconstruction surgery, and systematic reviews have documented work-related musculoskeletal disorders broadly across orthopaedic surgery, no systematic review has comprehensively synthesized evidence across all categories of occupational hazards specifically affecting adult reconstruction surgeons.