The Hidden Burden: Global, Regional, and National Trends in Indirect Cause of Maternal Mortality from 1980 to 2021: A Global Analysis Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Data.

Medical students are often reported to have high rates of stress and burnout, with medical students reporting higher rates of stress found to be higher in medical students than the general population and graduate students in other disciplines., While stress manifests as a physical and psychological reaction to life demands, or stressors, unchecked stress among medical students can culminate in burnout: a state of emotional exhaustion and cynicism resulting from chronic, unmanaged academic or workplace stressors. The high degree of stress and burnout in medical students is reported to be due to a variety of psychosocial stressors in the academic and personal domains. In the academic domain, Medical students report psychosocial stressors such as workload or volume of information,,, performance pressure, work–life balance,, peer relationships,, and concerns with career planning and/or choices., When assessing stressors that may originate from their personal lives, medical students report stressors such as financial issues,,, intimate relationships,, and major life events (eg, personal or family illness or injury, death of a family member, marriage, birth of children). Many of these professional and personal psychosocial stressors have also been reported as risk factors for depression in medical students. While some types or levels of stress can be motivating for medical students,, unfavorable stress has been associated with poor academic performance, and may impact professional development. Specifically, stress can lead to problems that can affect professional or academic performance, such as dishonesty, substance and/or alcohol abuse, a decrease in empathy and altruism, and may influence medical school attrition. In a student’s personal life, stress may additionally contribute to issues in relationships, poor physical health and self-care, substance/alcohol abuse, and suicide. The same effects have been reported for burnout in addition to a decrease in knowledge, cognitive performance, and personal accountability.