Quality of Life After Heart Transplantation: Instruments, Domains, and Variations by Time, Age, and Gender.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is one of the most severe forms of secondary glaucoma and is associated with a high risk of irreversible vision loss []. Most commonly, neovascular glaucoma develops as a complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinal vein occlusions (RVO), and other ischemic retinopathies. These conditions are characterized by chronic retinal hypoxia and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which plays a central role in the development of ocular neovascularization []. In response to ischemic stimulation, an angiogenic-inflammatory microenvironment is formed, characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors that sustain the pathological neovascular process []. Excessive VEGF-dependent neovascularization leads to iris rubeosis, formation of fibrovascular membranes, and progressive obliteration of the iridocorneal angle, followed by elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) []. Despite significant advances in anti-VEGF therapy and retinal laser photocoagulation, IOP control in neovascular glaucoma often remains insufficient, particularly in cases with established anterior synechiae []. In such clinical situations, the main treatment options include filtration surgery [], implantation of drainage devices [], and cyclodestructive procedures [,], which aim to stabilize IOP and are typically employed when medical and laser therapies are ineffective [].