Intentions matter: How planned and unplanned alcohol and cannabis use influences outcomes.

With the proliferation of the Internet, the public’s online health information seeking behavior is increasing., An increasing number of patients begin to utilize online platforms to obtain health information and bring this information into the diagnostic and treatment process for discussion with physicians. Public online health information seeking behavior is evolving into a pre-positioned component of modern doctor-patient communication. This paradigm shift in behavior is deconstructing the traditional doctor-patient knowledge power structure, with medical authority gradually transitioning from unidirectional transmission to bidirectional negotiation, and patients progressively transforming into participants in communication. However, the proliferation of online health information has brought about paradoxical effects. On the positive side, patients acquiring online health information can increase medical KR, obtain others’ treatment experiences, enhance the sense of empowerment, promote more equitable communication, elevate confidence and motivation in coping with uncertainty, and improve doctor-patient communication effectiveness., Research indicated that patients who searched for online health information prior to medical encounters often felt more capable and confident in communicating with physicians during the consultation. However, the uneven quality and rapid proliferation of online health information can affect the doctor-patient relationship. Meanwhile, due to the existence of professional barriers in medicine, patients who receive false health information on the Internet may find it difficult to distinguish truth from falsehood, potentially leading them to question physicians and subsequently affecting the doctor-patient relationship. The organizational-level construction of health-literate medical institutions to accommodate populations with low health literacy and disseminate accurate scientific health knowledge is receiving increasing attention., Furthermore, individuals may also be affected by the Dunning-Kruger Effect after acquiring online health information. This effect indicates that individuals with lower cognitive ability or professional knowledge level often overestimate their own capabilities, particularly tending to generate “overconfidence” when confronted with complex or highly specialized information. Existing research has found that this effect is particularly pronounced among individuals with insufficient health literacy. Although some existing studies have provided valuable insights in the field of online health information, research exploring the Dunning-Kruger effect in this domain remains relatively scarce. As legal guardians of adolescents and children, parents’ health information identification and communication capabilities directly influence their children’s consultation efficiency and the quality of the doctor-patient relationship.